Diagnostic capacity for arboviral diseases in Cuba and health response

Abstract

Introduction: Arboviruses are viral infections transmitted through the bites of mosquitoes and other arthropods, with the potential to cause serious complications. In 2025, Cuba faces a complex epidemiological scenario characterized by the active circulation of Dengue and the rapid dispersion of the Chikungunya virus. Timely diagnosis is crucial for containing its spread, reducing complications, and optimizing the use of health resources. Objective: To identify the main factors involved in the current situation in Cuba regarding the diagnosis and control of arboviral diseases. Method: A qualitative study of documentary and critical-reflective analysis was developed. Official diagnostic protocols, updated epidemiological reports from the Cuban Ministry of Public Health (MINSAP) and the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), and press articles were used as sources to contrast information. The analysis focused on identifying the gap between the "desirable" diagnostic protocol and the actual operational capacity. Results: A marked gap was identified between the "desirable" diagnostic protocol (which includes specialized molecular and serological tests) and the actual operational capacity of the health network. This limitation is due to the shortage of supplies and technological resources, which compromises the accurate identification of the condition. To mitigate dispersion, the current strategy is based on intensive intersectoral vector control, including the "destructive focal" modality and hospital admission reserved only for critical cases. Conclusion: The health approach demands rethinking diagnostic algorithms based on available resources and developing systems that optimize epidemiological surveillance through the management of science, technology, and innovation.